I tackled some of the hiking routes in Patagonia last year, and it was an incredible experience! For the Ascensionist route, I'd recommend staying in hostels or campsites to keep accommodation costs low. There are plenty of options in places like El Chaltén and Torres del Paine.
For transportation, buses are the most budget-friendly way to get around. I found using local bus services to be quite reliable and you get the added bonus of enjoying stunning views along the way. Also, if you book in advance, you might snag a good deal.
Regarding permits, certain trails require them, so it's best to check with the local park authorities. In Torres del Paine, for instance, you can get most permits online which saves time and occasionally some money.
For gear, layers are key due to the unpredictable weather. You'll want a good waterproof jacket and sturdy hiking boots. The wind can be fierce, so consider a windproof outer layer as well. Renting equipment locally can save on luggage space and is sometimes cheaper than bringing your own.
To manage costs, cooking your meals is a lifesaver. Most hostels offer kitchen facilities, and you can shop for groceries in larger towns before you head out. The experience of preparing a meal after a long day of hiking is both economical and rewarding.
If you're looking for advice on specific trails or have more questions, feel free to ask. I’d love to share more and help you plan effectively!